Integrand size = 15, antiderivative size = 87 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (c+d x)}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} d}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (c+d x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} d} \]
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Time = 0.09 (sec) , antiderivative size = 87, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.267, Rules used = {3861, 3859, 209, 3880} \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (c+d x)}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} d}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (c+d x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} d} \]
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Rule 209
Rule 3859
Rule 3861
Rule 3880
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\int \sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)} \, dx}{a}+\int \frac {\sec (c+d x)}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx \\ & = \frac {2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {a \tan (c+d x)}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}}\right )}{d}-\frac {2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{2 a+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {a \tan (c+d x)}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}}\right )}{d} \\ & = \frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (c+d x)}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} d}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (c+d x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} d} \\ \end{align*}
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.74 (sec) , antiderivative size = 127, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.46 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=-\frac {i \left (-1+e^{i (c+d x)}\right ) \left (\text {arcsinh}\left (e^{i (c+d x)}\right )-\sqrt {2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {1+e^{i (c+d x)}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {1+e^{2 i (c+d x)}}}\right )+\text {arctanh}\left (\sqrt {1+e^{2 i (c+d x)}}\right )\right )}{d \sqrt {1+e^{2 i (c+d x)}} \sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}} \]
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Time = 0.89 (sec) , antiderivative size = 109, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.25
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sin \left (d x +c \right ) \left (\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}}{2 \sqrt {-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{\cos \left (d x +c \right )+1}}}\right )+\sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\sqrt {-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{\cos \left (d x +c \right )+1}}\right )\right )}{d \left (\cos \left (d x +c \right )+1\right ) \sqrt {-a \left (\sec \left (d x +c \right )-1\right )}\, \sqrt {-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{\cos \left (d x +c \right )+1}}}\) | \(109\) |
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Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 301, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.46 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\left [\frac {\sqrt {2} a \sqrt {-\frac {1}{a}} \log \left (-\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + \cos \left (d x + c\right )\right )} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) - a}{\cos \left (d x + c\right )}} \sqrt {-\frac {1}{a}} - {\left (3 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) - 1\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}\right ) - 2 \, \sqrt {-a} \log \left (\frac {2 \, {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + \cos \left (d x + c\right )\right )} \sqrt {-a} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) - a}{\cos \left (d x + c\right )}} - {\left (2 \, a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + a\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{\sin \left (d x + c\right )}\right )}{2 \, a d}, \frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) - a}{\cos \left (d x + c\right )}} \cos \left (d x + c\right )}{\sqrt {a} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}\right ) - 2 \, \sqrt {a} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) - a}{\cos \left (d x + c\right )}} \cos \left (d x + c\right )}{\sqrt {a} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}\right )}{a d}\right ] \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {- a \sec {\left (c + d x \right )} + a}}\, dx \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.93 (sec) , antiderivative size = 698, normalized size of antiderivative = 8.02 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a} \arctan \left (\frac {{\left ({\left | 2 \, e^{\left (i \, d x + i \, c\right )} - 2 \right |}^{4} + 16 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{4} + 16 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{4} + 8 \, {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} - \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 2 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )} {\left | 2 \, e^{\left (i \, d x + i \, c\right )} - 2 \right |}^{2} + 64 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{3} + 32 \, {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 2 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 96 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 64 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 16\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \sin \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \arctan \left (\frac {8 \, {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{{\left | 2 \, e^{\left (i \, d x + i \, c\right )} - 2 \right |}^{2}}, \frac {{\left | 2 \, e^{\left (i \, d x + i \, c\right )} - 2 \right |}^{2} + 4 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} - 4 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 8 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 4}{{\left | 2 \, e^{\left (i \, d x + i \, c\right )} - 2 \right |}^{2}}\right )\right ) + 2 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{{\left | 2 \, e^{\left (i \, d x + i \, c\right )} - 2 \right |}}, \frac {{\left ({\left | 2 \, e^{\left (i \, d x + i \, c\right )} - 2 \right |}^{4} + 16 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{4} + 16 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{4} + 8 \, {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} - \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 2 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )} {\left | 2 \, e^{\left (i \, d x + i \, c\right )} - 2 \right |}^{2} + 64 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{3} + 32 \, {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 2 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 96 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 64 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 16\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \cos \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \arctan \left (\frac {8 \, {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{{\left | 2 \, e^{\left (i \, d x + i \, c\right )} - 2 \right |}^{2}}, \frac {{\left | 2 \, e^{\left (i \, d x + i \, c\right )} - 2 \right |}^{2} + 4 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} - 4 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 8 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 4}{{\left | 2 \, e^{\left (i \, d x + i \, c\right )} - 2 \right |}^{2}}\right )\right ) + 2 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 2}{{\left | 2 \, e^{\left (i \, d x + i \, c\right )} - 2 \right |}}\right ) - \sqrt {a} \arctan \left ({\left (\cos \left (2 \, d x + 2 \, c\right )^{2} + \sin \left (2 \, d x + 2 \, c\right )^{2} + 2 \, \cos \left (2 \, d x + 2 \, c\right ) + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \sin \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \arctan \left (\sin \left (2 \, d x + 2 \, c\right ), \cos \left (2 \, d x + 2 \, c\right ) + 1\right )\right ) + \sin \left (d x + c\right ), {\left (\cos \left (2 \, d x + 2 \, c\right )^{2} + \sin \left (2 \, d x + 2 \, c\right )^{2} + 2 \, \cos \left (2 \, d x + 2 \, c\right ) + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \cos \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \arctan \left (\sin \left (2 \, d x + 2 \, c\right ), \cos \left (2 \, d x + 2 \, c\right ) + 1\right )\right ) + \cos \left (d x + c\right )\right )}{a d} \]
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Time = 0.57 (sec) , antiderivative size = 69, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.79 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{2} - a}}{\sqrt {a}}\right )}{\sqrt {a}} - \frac {2 \, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{2} - a}}{2 \, \sqrt {a}}\right )}{\sqrt {a}}}{d} \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-a \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-\frac {a}{\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )}}} \,d x \]
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